Geographic Variation, Genetic Structure, andConservation Unit Designation in the LarchMountain Salamander (Plethodon larselli)
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چکیده
The Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli Burns, 1954) is an endemic species in the Pacific northwestern United States facing threats related to habitat destruction. To facilitate development of conservation strategies, we used DNA sequences and RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA) to examine differences among populations of this species. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b revealed a clade of haplotypes from populations north of the Columbia River derived from a clade containing haplotypes from the river’s southwestern region. Haplotypes from southeastern populations formed a separate clade. Nucleotide diversity was reduced in northern populations relative to southern populations. These results were corroborated by analyses of RAPD loci, which revealed similar patterns of clustering and diversity. Network analyses suggested that northern populations were colonized following a range expansion mediated by individuals from populations located southwest of the river. Changes in the Columbia River’s location during the Pliocene and Pleistocene likely released distributional constraints on this species, permitting their northern range expansion. Based on the barrier presented by the Columbia River’s present location and differences in haplotype diversity and population structure observed between northern and southern populations, we suggest that designation of separate management units encompassing each region may assist with mitigating different threats to this species. Résumé : La salamandre de Larch Mountain (Plethodon larselli Burns, 1954) est une espèce endémique de la région du nord-ouest pacifique des États-Unis qui est menacée par la destruction de son habitat. Les séquences d’ADN et les RAPD (amplifications aléatoires d’ADN polymorphe) nous ont servi à étudier les différences entre les populations de l’espèce, afin de faciliter la mise au point de stratégies de conservation. Les analyses phylogéniquea du cytochrome b indiquent l’existence d’un clade d’haplotypes provenant des populations au nord du Columbia dérivés d’un clade contenant des haplotypes provenant de la région du sud-ouest du fleuve. Les haplotypes de la région sud-est forment un clade séparé. La diversité des nucléotides est plus faible dans les populations du nord que dans celles du sud. Les analyses des locus RAPD confirment les résultats et présentent des patrons similaires de regroupement et de diversité. Des analyses de réseau laissent croire que les populations du nord ont fait leur colonisation après une extension d’aire réalisée par des individus provenant des populations établies au sud-ouest du fleuve. Les déplacements du lit du Columbia durant le pliocène et le pléistocène ont réduit certaines contraintes biogéographiques pour l’espèce et ont permis l’expansion d’aire vers le nord. Compte tenu de la barrière que forme le Columbia dans son emplacement actuel et des différences de diversité des haplotypes et de structure de population entre les populations du nord et du sud, nous proposons l’établissement d’unités de gestion distinctes pour chacune des régions pour atténuer les diverses menaces auxquelles fait face cette espèce. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Wagner et al. 406
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تاریخ انتشار 2017